Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer worldwide. Almost 99% of the cases are linked with high-risk HPV. But it is also one of the most successfully treatable diseases. A colposcopy helps detect abnormal cervical cells. The gynecologist takes a magnified look at the cervix, vagina, and vulva. It is a quick, simple, and effective way to check for cervical abnormalities. Polyps, precancerous tissues, and genital warts can also be identified. The process is performed with a special instrument called a colposcope. It is often done along with cervical and vaginal biopsy. There are no major side effects besides vaginal spotting, discharge, fever, and chills. These can be easily managed at home.
It is a good idea to know the process and purpose beforehand. This can ease your anxiety and help avoid surprises down the line. Read on for detailed information.
Why is Colposcopy Done?
There are several reasons why your doctor might suggest a colposcopy. One common one is to examine the cervix when the PAP smear test result is not clear. The colposcope can take a closer view of the unhealthy regions and detect the issues. Below are the other significant reasons to take the test.
- Abnormal and unexplained bleeding and pain
- Profuse bleeding after every intercourse
- Cervicitis or the inflammation of the cervix
- Precancerous changes in the tissue of the vagina and vulva
- Tests showing you have the HPV
A colposcopy is a painless procedure. But patients can experience a degree of pressure when the speculum is inserted. You might also feel pinch-like period cramps during the biopsy. It takes around 15-20 minutes and you can head back home soon after. Make sure to take precautions for spotting to avoid staining your clothes.
Procedure of Colposcopy
A colposcopy must be scheduled when you are not on your menses. It can also be safely done during pregnancy care. Avoid having penetrative sex or inserting tampons/sex toys/medicines in the vagina a day before the test. Pick the best gynecological hospital for the procedure. Here’s a look at what to expect from the procedure.
The patient is asked to lie down on the exam table. Your feet will be placed on stirrups. Now a speculum is used to open the vagina. Now the cervix and the surrounding areas are washed with a vinegar-like solution called acetic acid. This is diluted 3% to 5%. Cotton swabs can also be used to wipe it clean. This helps to clear the mucus and highlight the abnormal cells.
The microscopic colposcope does not touch the body. It is placed near the vagina. It offers a clear look at the squamocolumnar junction for different kinds of concerns. These include warts, infections and growths. A biopsy is usually suggested if your doctor notices anything unusual. Monsel’s solution is applied in the end to control bleeding. You can see dark discharges for the next couple of days. Use pads instead of tampons to soak it.
Patients can continue with pregnancy care medications and therapies and daily activities after a colposcopy. Avoid sexual activities for 3 days at least. You can consider over-the-counter pills in case of pain. The result will decide if you require further tests.
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